{"id":4461,"date":"2024-07-16T10:47:29","date_gmt":"2024-07-16T08:47:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ebreidirodi1944.cdec.it\/released-by-the-nazi-authorities\/"},"modified":"2025-04-18T10:15:54","modified_gmt":"2025-04-18T08:15:54","slug":"released-by-the-nazi-authorities","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/ebreidirodi1944.cdec.it\/en\/exceptions-to-the-deportation\/released-by-the-nazi-authorities\/","title":{"rendered":"Released by the Nazi authorities"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"4461\" class=\"elementor elementor-4461 elementor-4357\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ec0c064 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"ec0c064\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;motion_fx_motion_fx_scrolling&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;motion_fx_devices&quot;:[&quot;desktop&quot;,&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;mobile&quot;]}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-79c12d5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"79c12d5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-03d1fcf e-con-full e-flex elementor-invisible e-con e-child\" data-id=\"03d1fcf\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInRight&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8402f70 elementor-widget elementor-widget-breadcrumbs\" data-id=\"8402f70\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"breadcrumbs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<link rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https:\/\/ebreidirodi1944.cdec.it\/wp-content\/plugins\/elementor-pro\/assets\/css\/widget-theme-elements.min.css\"><p id=\"breadcrumbs\"><span><span><a href=\"https:\/\/ebreidirodi1944.cdec.it\/en\/home\/\">Home<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f1cf6c2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f1cf6c2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.21.0 - 26-05-2024 *\/\n.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-stacked .elementor-drop-cap{background-color:#69727d;color:#fff}.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-framed .elementor-drop-cap{color:#69727d;border:3px solid;background-color:transparent}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap{margin-top:8px}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap-letter{width:1em;height:1em}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap{float:left;text-align:center;line-height:1;font-size:50px}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap-letter{display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<p>Some of the Jews who were arrested in July 1944 escaped the deportation thanks to a precise diplomatic strategy adopted by the Nazis, who were very careful not to antagonise the authorities of neutral, allied or non-invaded countries.<\/p>\n<p>When the Fascist authorities gave residents of the Italian Islands of the Aegean the opportunity to acquire Italian citizenship in 1924, some members of the Jewish community chose to keep their Turkish citizenship.<\/p>\n<p>Turkey was neutral during the Second World War and its citizens &#8211; in the Dodecanese as well as the rest of Nazi-occupied Europe &#8211; were freed if their documents were in order and up-to-date. All those whose documents were not up-to-date were deported: not to Auschwitz, the planned destination for all Jews, but to Bergen Belsen, a camp where those who could be used for prisoner exchanges were interned.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-21b9284 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"21b9284\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-68818f52 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"68818f52\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;sticky&quot;:&quot;top&quot;,&quot;sticky_offset&quot;:80,&quot;sticky_effects_offset&quot;:80,&quot;sticky_on&quot;:[&quot;desktop&quot;]}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-15312b4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"15312b4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Following the arrest of the entire community in Rhodes, 42 Turkish Jewish citizens were released thanks to the intervention of Turkish consul Salaheddin Ulkuman.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-031e781 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget-tablet__width-inherit elementor-widget-mobile__width-initial elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"031e781\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInRight&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.21.0 - 26-05-2024 *\/\n.elementor-widget-image{text-align:center}.elementor-widget-image a{display:inline-block}.elementor-widget-image a img[src$=\".svg\"]{width:48px}.elementor-widget-image img{vertical-align:middle;display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"http:\/\/ebreidirodi1944.cdec.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Console-turco-Selahattin-Ulkumen.png\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-description=\"Portrait of Turkish Consul General of Rhodes, the Honorable Selahattin Ulkumen. (Rhodes Jewish Historical Foundation Archives; Retrieved from: www.rhodesjewishmuseum.org)\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6NDM2NiwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL2VicmVpZGlyb2RpMTk0NC5jZGVjLml0XC93cC1jb250ZW50XC91cGxvYWRzXC8yMDI0XC8wN1wvQ29uc29sZS10dXJjby1TZWxhaGF0dGluLVVsa3VtZW4ucG5nIn0%3D\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"465\" height=\"612\" src=\"https:\/\/ebreidirodi1944.cdec.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Console-turco-Selahattin-Ulkumen.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-4366\" alt=\"Portrait of Turkish Consul General of Rhodes, the Honorable Selahattin Ulkumen\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ebreidirodi1944.cdec.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Console-turco-Selahattin-Ulkumen.png 465w, https:\/\/ebreidirodi1944.cdec.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Console-turco-Selahattin-Ulkumen-228x300.png 228w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 465px) 100vw, 465px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Portrait of Turkish Consul General of Rhodes, the Honorable Selahattin Ulkumen. (Rhodes Jewish Historical Foundation Archives; Retrieved from: www.rhodesjewishmuseum.org)<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7a7858eb e-con-full e-flex elementor-invisible e-con e-child\" data-id=\"7a7858eb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;fadeIn&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ebafc17 elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"ebafc17\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;motion_fx_motion_fx_scrolling&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;motion_fx_translateX_effect&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;motion_fx_translateX_affectedRange&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;%&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:{&quot;start&quot;:0,&quot;end&quot;:49}},&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInRight&quot;,&quot;motion_fx_devices&quot;:[&quot;desktop&quot;,&quot;tablet&quot;],&quot;motion_fx_translateX_speed&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:4,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"http:\/\/ebreidirodi1944.cdec.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Elenco-ebrei-turchi-salvati.png\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-description=\"German List of 42 Jews of Rhodes of Turkish nationality saved by the Consul General, Selahattin Ulkumen. This list is the actual Gestapo document used for the daily roll-call of those Jews. (Rhodes Jewish Historical Foundation Archives; Retrieved from: www.rhodesjewishmuseum.org)\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6NDM2OCwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL2VicmVpZGlyb2RpMTk0NC5jZGVjLml0XC93cC1jb250ZW50XC91cGxvYWRzXC8yMDI0XC8wN1wvRWxlbmNvLWVicmVpLXR1cmNoaS1zYWx2YXRpLnBuZyJ9\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"534\" height=\"749\" src=\"https:\/\/ebreidirodi1944.cdec.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Elenco-ebrei-turchi-salvati.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-4368\" alt=\"German List of 42 Jews of Rhodes of Turkish nationality saved by the Consul General, Selahattin Ulkumen\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ebreidirodi1944.cdec.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Elenco-ebrei-turchi-salvati.png 534w, https:\/\/ebreidirodi1944.cdec.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Elenco-ebrei-turchi-salvati-214x300.png 214w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 534px) 100vw, 534px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">German List of 42 Jews of Rhodes of Turkish nationality saved by the Consul General, Selahattin Ulkumen. This list is the actual Gestapo document used for the daily roll-call of those Jews. (Rhodes Jewish Historical Foundation Archives; Retrieved from: www.rhodesjewishmuseum.org)<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-62df66c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"62df66c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-563efb1 e-con-full e-flex elementor-invisible e-con e-child\" data-id=\"563efb1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;fadeIn&quot;,&quot;sticky&quot;:&quot;top&quot;,&quot;sticky_on&quot;:[&quot;desktop&quot;],&quot;sticky_offset&quot;:80,&quot;sticky_effects_offset&quot;:0}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-40750ec elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"40750ec\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Three other Turkish citizens were released in Kos: Hayati\u00e8 Franco n\u00e9e Israel, her 4-year-old son Enrico, and an elderly aunt, Hermana Zinbul Surmani.<\/p>\n<p>However, Hayati\u00e8\u2019s husband, Alberto Franco, and sister, Juliette Israel, together with Juliette\u2019s husband Mosh\u00e8 Menasc\u00e9 and their three daughters Renata (1936), Matilde (1940) and Sara (1943), were forced onto boats bound for Piraeus and only released once they reached Haidari.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3d285c7 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3d285c7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-03ec808 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"03ec808\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc80b2c e-con-full e-flex elementor-invisible e-con e-child\" data-id=\"dc80b2c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;fadeIn&quot;,&quot;sticky&quot;:&quot;top&quot;,&quot;sticky_on&quot;:[&quot;desktop&quot;],&quot;sticky_offset&quot;:80,&quot;sticky_effects_offset&quot;:0}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1145733 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1145733\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Of particular interest is the story of Alberto Franco who, with the train bound for Auschwitz set to depart and all the carriages already closed, heard his name called by a German soldier running along the platform. Alberto was taken off the train as he was the husband of Turkish citizen Hayati\u00e8 Israel.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e83edc3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e83edc3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>In an interview with the CDEC Foundation, Alberto\u2019s sister, <a href=\"https:\/\/ebreidirodi1944.cdec.it\/scheda-persona\/?cdec_rodi_person_id=711\">Elisa Franco<\/a>, who was arrested with him in Kos, recalls the fleeting and frenzied moment when her brother tried in vain to take her with him. Elisa therefore remained alone on the train and was deported to Auschwitz.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d39040d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d39040d\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-03559b3 elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-video\" data-id=\"03559b3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;video_type&quot;:&quot;hosted&quot;,&quot;controls&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"video.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.21.0 - 26-05-2024 *\/\n.elementor-widget-video .elementor-widget-container{overflow:hidden;transform:translateZ(0)}.elementor-widget-video .elementor-wrapper{aspect-ratio:var(--video-aspect-ratio)}.elementor-widget-video .elementor-wrapper iframe,.elementor-widget-video .elementor-wrapper video{height:100%;width:100%;display:flex;border:none;background-color:#000}@supports not (aspect-ratio:1\/1){.elementor-widget-video .elementor-wrapper{position:relative;overflow:hidden;height:0;padding-bottom:calc(100% \/ var(--video-aspect-ratio))}.elementor-widget-video .elementor-wrapper iframe,.elementor-widget-video .elementor-wrapper video{position:absolute;top:0;right:0;bottom:0;left:0}}.elementor-widget-video .elementor-open-inline .elementor-custom-embed-image-overlay{position:absolute;top:0;right:0;bottom:0;left:0;background-size:cover;background-position:50%}.elementor-widget-video .elementor-custom-embed-image-overlay{cursor:pointer;text-align:center}.elementor-widget-video .elementor-custom-embed-image-overlay:hover .elementor-custom-embed-play i{opacity:1}.elementor-widget-video .elementor-custom-embed-image-overlay img{display:block;width:100%;aspect-ratio:var(--video-aspect-ratio);-o-object-fit:cover;object-fit:cover;-o-object-position:center center;object-position:center center}@supports not (aspect-ratio:1\/1){.elementor-widget-video .elementor-custom-embed-image-overlay{position:relative;overflow:hidden;height:0;padding-bottom:calc(100% \/ var(--video-aspect-ratio))}.elementor-widget-video .elementor-custom-embed-image-overlay img{position:absolute;top:0;right:0;bottom:0;left:0}}.elementor-widget-video .e-hosted-video .elementor-video{-o-object-fit:cover;object-fit:cover}.e-con-inner>.elementor-widget-video,.e-con>.elementor-widget-video{width:var(--container-widget-width);--flex-grow:var(--container-widget-flex-grow)}<\/style>\t\t<div class=\"e-hosted-video elementor-wrapper elementor-open-inline\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<video class=\"elementor-video\" src=\"http:\/\/ebreidirodi1944.cdec.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/5.-Elisa-Franco_Rilasciati_DEF.mp4\" controls=\"\" preload=\"auto\" controlsList=\"nodownload\" poster=\"http:\/\/ebreidirodi1944.cdec.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Intervista-a-Elisa-Franco-rilasciati-1.png\"><\/video>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0186297 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0186297\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Interview with Elisa Franco by Marcello Pezzetti, Brussels, May 11th, 2004 (CDEC Foundation Archives, Fund Archivio della Memoria)<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a965ad1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"a965ad1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0f94d9f e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0f94d9f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;sticky&quot;:&quot;top&quot;,&quot;sticky_offset&quot;:80,&quot;sticky_on&quot;:[&quot;desktop&quot;],&quot;sticky_effects_offset&quot;:0}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f674e4a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f674e4a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>In conclusion, at least 54 Jews from the Aegean Islands were saved in July 1944 because they belonged to protected nationalities. <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Between January and July 1944, a few months before the deportation, there were numerous deaths in Rhodes among the members of the Jewish Community due to natural causes &#8211; particularly illnesses &#8211; but mainly as a result of the Allied air raids on the island.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":4449,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-4461","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v22.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Released by the Nazi authorities - Ebrei di Rodi. Eclissi di una Comunit\u00e0. 1944 - 2024<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Some of the Jews who were arrested in July 1944 escaped the deportation thanks to a precise diplomatic strategy adopted by the Nazis, who were very careful not to antagonise the authorities of neutral, allied or non-invaded countries.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ebreidirodi1944.cdec.it\/en\/exceptions-to-the-deportation\/released-by-the-nazi-authorities\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Released by the Nazi authorities - Ebrei di Rodi. 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